The Young T.S. Eliot

Source: The College Syllabi That Shaped ‘The Waste Land’: Longreads Blog

 
The above article reminds me of my college days when I had to study and prepare an assignment for ‘The Wasteland’. It was not an assignment but a research to be submitted.

The wasteland and Eliot

‘The Waste Land’ incorporates quotations from multiple languages and pieces of literature which are seen as a tribute to the educational philosophy.

T.S. Eliot Photograph by E.O. Hopp/Corbis Images
T.S. Eliot
Photograph by E.O. Hopp/Corbis Images

Adam Kirsch in Harvard Magazine states that – “IF IT IS TRUE that the child is father to the man, then no poet disavowed his paternity as successfully as T.S. Eliot ’10, A.M. ’11, Litt.D. ’47. Looking at the severe, bespectacled face of the elderly poet on the cover of his Complete Poems and Plays, it is hard to imagine that he was ever young.  Eliot was awarded Nobel Prize in the year 1948. He revolutionized the canon of English poetry with serene confidence.

Eliot remains absolutely central to the history of modern poetry, his personal authority inevitably declined in the years after his death, in tandem with changes in taste and critical method. “Melange of topics” that Eliot explored in college “mightily enriched his poetry.” Eliot’s studies with the philosopher George Santayana planted the seeds of the idea that later emerged in his criticism as the “objective correlative”—the notion that poetic images function as a formula to evoke an emotion.  This would become a major technique of “The Waste Land,” which uses the Grail legend, as interpreted by scholars like James Frazer and Jessie Weston, as a structuring myth.

In the Collected Prose, it’s possible to read one of his few surviving undergraduate papers, an essay for English 12 titled “The Defects of Kipling,” in which the mature Eliot’s tone of critical certainty is already audible: “Nothing is so pathetic in literature as the immaturity which the practiced brain cannot shake off, nor the practiced hand conceal,” he pronounces. (The paper earned a B+.) But for all he learned in the classroom, it was his private, extracurricular reading that had the biggest influence on his intellectual and poetic development. He arrived at Harvard already a writer and a poet and published in the Advocate in his freshman year.

I shall conclude with these lines from ‘The Wasteland’ –

April is the cruelest month, breeding

Lilacs of the dead land, mixing

Memory and desire, stirring

Dull roots with spring rain.

Winter kept us warm, covering

Earth in forgetful snow, feeding

A little life with life tubers.

Truly, T.S. Eliot is a legend in modern poetry!

In the company of crows and ravens

The book I have read recently is ‘In the Company of Crows and Ravens’ written by John Marzluff, Tony Angell, Paul R. Ehrlich is quite interesting. As Laurence A. Marshall states that “If corvids could read … they would surely find this book as entertaining and instructive as this human does”. The book focuses on the influences of people on crows’ lives throughout history and how crows have transformed human lives considerably.

Image courtesy- Amazon.com
Image courtesy Amazon.com

The book has excellent sketches and some great stories which are enlightening and fascinating. I found Mark Twain’s interesting description of the species in this book which is as follows-
“In the course of his evolutionary promotions, his sublime march toward ultimate perfection, he has been a gambler, a low comedian, a dissolute priest, a fussy woman, a blackguard, a scoffer, a liar, a thief, a spy, an informer, a trading politician, a swindler, a professional hypocrite, a patriot for cash, a reformer, a lecturer, a lawyer, a conspirator, a rebel, a royalist, a democrat, a practicer and propagator of irreverence, a meddler, an intruder, a busybody, an infidel and a wallower in sin for the mere love of it. The strange result, the incredible result, of this patient accumulation of all damnable traits is, he does not know what sorrow is, he does not know what remorse is, his life is one long thundering ecstasy of happiness, and he will go to his death untroubled, knowing that he will soon turn up again as an author or something, and be even more intolerably capable and comfortable than ever he was before.” (Mark Twain contemplates his nemesis, the Indian House Crow).

house crow for crows and ravens
Photo by Akbar Nemati on Pexels.com

Truly, that sums up a description of a crow. There are many species of crows, each with their own distinctive sizes, shapes, behaviours and voices. In the broader sense, the ‘crows’ comprises of crows, ravens, jackdaws and rooks.

Cultural coevolution John Marzluff and Tony Angell have stated that cultural coevolution with crows is unique. They have evolved in response to many aspects of the natural world. Crows learn from us what is useful to them. Crows affect human culture more than many of the other wild species like pigeons, starlings, squirrels, etc. because crows and people share fundamental biological and social properties. Human culture and crow appear to evolve together in mutual understanding, for example, a crow tiptoeing outside my window. When birds exert this influence on each other in this manner then it is termed as coevolution. Crows are clever problem solvers with their complex social lives, culture and communication. Their influences on the humans are far stronger than one can imagine.

Another interesting aspect that I came across in this book is in chapter 5 –The social customs and cultures of crows. It mentions about how crows play. “Crows and ravens often soar on windy days for hours on end in apparent play. They get lift from wind’s energy and ascend to perform loops, rolls and dives.” The authors have also seen how crows have increasingly been interacting with people. They play with toys, steal and roll baseballs, tennis balls and golf balls. According to the authors, ball play is considered to be a cultural transmission across species.

Reaping what we sow: Even a child is impressed at the way a crow learns exactly what to eat in a human-dominated world. As I have stated in my earlier blog post “Birds, my friends”, the authors have stated here –“ It may take patience and vigilance, not to mention brains and a cast-iron stomach, to scavenge effectively from people. If crows and ravens have taught us anything, it is to be patient. They will wait for hours or even days before eating new foods or using new feeding locations. This patience likely keeps them out of many deadly situations. When they finally decide to eat, one gets the impression that they are always ready to spring away from unseen danger.”

I love reading non-fiction books and this one is really fascinating.


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